Energy substrates availability in milk

We calculated the ketogenic potential of different kinds of milk using the standard Wilder's formula (Wilder, 1921)

Ketogenic to Anti-Ketogenic Macronutrient Ratio

K:A=(0.9 fat +0.46 protein) : (1.0 carb +0.1 fat+0.54 protein)

This formula essentially reflects the rate of utilization of either carbohydrate or lipid substrates depending of their availability

The numbers in front of nutrient names are coefficients that are calculated based on nutrient ability to cause or resist ketosis.

1) Carbohydrate is assigned the coefficient 1.0 because it is an absolutely anti-ketogenic nutrient. The more carbohydrate grams contained in a diet, the less KB the body can produce

2) Fat is a 90-percent ketogenic nutrient

3) Protein can participate in the process of gluconeogenesis.

Here are K:A ratios of milk of some species.

Human milk - 0,568

Cow milk - 0,663

Goat milk - 0,779

Rat milk - 1,628

Mouse milk - 2,846

(Clinical data: out of 21,000 human neonates, 47 were in ketosis)