Alzheimer’s disease and a long-standing exposure to glucose in the Western diet

 

Chronic exposure to glucose due to the traditional Western diet impairs neuronal function and causes apoptosis (programmed neuronal death), concluded Drs Seneff & Wainwright (UK) and Mascitelli (Italy). Their reasoning was roughly the following:

The amyloid-beta peptide (AB) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) plaques so far seen as a hallmark of this disease, in fact may be an early attempt of protection from its development.  AB switches neuronal metabolism from glycolysis-based to the use of other substrates, e.g., lactate and ketone bodies. This is a very important adjustment in the AD case since there’s an insulin resistance in the AD brain indicating an inadequate ability to utilize glucose. Moreover, the levels of advanced glycation end-products (harmful in any case) are increased in AD. The damage they induce interferes with delivery of fats and cholesterol to astrocytes, and consequently to neurons. This is important because for smooth communication between neurons, sufficient levels of fat and cholesterol is required and the AD CSF is deficient in both. Synthesis of AB is increased when lipid supply is deficient. In the condition of this deficiency, there’s an increase in synthesis of excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate leading to oxidative damage and toxic overexcitability.

The good news is, wrote the authors, a simple dietary change towards lower carbohydrate intake and higher fats intake, may be efficiently protective against AD.

Source:

European Journal of Internal Medicine 22 (2011) 134–140

What can be done to fight off Alzheimer’s disease?

Q&A and FAQ (archived) :: Ongoing Q&A :: Neuroscience Q&A and FAQ

Question
I’ve read on WebMD that there’s no evidence that anything can be done to fight off Alzheimer’s disease. But I also read the opposite opinions. What is yours? – Donna

Answer
Dear Donna,

You probably mean the following conclusion cited by WebMD:

“There is currently no evidence considered to be of even moderate scientific quality supporting the association of any modifiable factor (nutritional supplements, herbal preparations, dietary factors, prescription or nonprescription drugs, social or economic factors, medical conditions, toxins, environmental exposures) with reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease,” concludes the report, issued by a National Institutes of Health consensus panel on Alzheimer’s prevention.”

I am surprised that they haven’t mentioned exercise, for which, in my humble opinion, a solid body of evidence exists and the caffein research, for which intricate mechanisms are being researched. Also, quite a few harmful influences such as hydrogen peroxide, glutamate, zinc, and copper/cysteine were convincingly reported. I added caffein effects on another neurodegenerative disease, the Parkinson’s but I know of similar studies in Alzheimer’s.

Walking away from dementia

Coffee, tea, and chocolate can help to avoid Parkinson’s disease

Pyruvate protects neurons against A-beta peptides characteristic for Alzheimer’s
Tanya Zilberter

The eight mechanisms of anti-Alzheimer’s effects of curcumin

Related: Resveratrol and curcumin, plant’s own weapons that protect the brain

1. Curcumin is a better antioxidant than alpha-tocopherol and can protect blood vessel cells from oxidative stress caused by Amyloid beta peptide (Abeta), the main constituent of amyloid plaques in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Interestingly, with low-dose curcumin, but not with high-dose curcumin the plaque occurrence was decreased by up to 50%.

2. Curcumin significantly lowered levels of oxidized proteins, which content is elevated in the brains of mice model of AD.

3. Curcumin inhibits the formation of fibrillar Abeta (fAbeta) and destabilized already formed fAbeta.

4. In animal models of AD, curcumin prevented cognitive deficits presumably by binding the redox-active metals Fe and Cu.

5. Curcumin decreased Abeta formation. When fed to aged mice with advanced amyloid accumulation, curcumin directly binds small beta-amyloid and blocks fibril formation.

6. Beta-amyloid peptide can form a peroxidase playing a major role in the pathologies of AD. Curcumin inhibits this peroxidase.

7. Curcumin enhances the phagocytosis and Abeta removal by macrophages, the process that is impaired in patients with AD.

8. Curcumin crosses the blood–brain barrier, disrupts existing plaques and partially restores damaged neurones in annimal AD model leading to a significant reversal of structural neuronal damage.

Source

B.B. Aggarwal, K.B. Harikumar. Potential therapeutic effects of curcumin, the anti-inflammatory agent, against neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 41 (2009) 40–59

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) and vegan diet

Original Q&A :: About these Q&A :: Other Q&A

QUESTION: Hi Tanya,

I was wondering whether there are any studies that show a link between diet and CRPS. In particular, could a switch to being vegan cause an imbalance of any kind that could contribute to the onset of CRPS? Not immediately, of course, but over a period of many months.

I looked up how neurons & nerves work (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron) and saw that its basically an electrical system activated by calcium, sodium, chloride, etc. This made me wonder if imbalances in those elements could upset the nervous system but I don’t know enough about how it all works to tell.

In the case of a vegan I’m thinking the imbalance could be a deficiency in calcium. Another factor (not necessarily vegan) could be an excess of salt in the diet causing an imbalance of sodium and chlorides.

ANSWER: Hi Simon,

As far as I’m concerned, the short answer to your main question is negative. What’s more, many people suffering from CRPS claim improvement in their condition after they switch to the vegan diet.

As to the Na, Ca, Cl, etc. imbalances you are asking about, they keep being balanced back to possible normal condition due to the intricate work of multilevel homeostasis long after the CRPS symptoms are developed so CRPS is considered a localaixed rather than systemic condition – this is why it’s called “regional”.

MDs are not sure what causes CRPS but think that they are either mechanical (trauma, spasms, bone deformation, etc.) or autoimmune, or are due to the sympathetic nervous system disfunction. As you can see, nutritional deficiencies are not among recognized causes.

On the other hand, you might want to know health consequences of long-term vegan way of eating. Vegans consume less saturated fat and cholesterol and more dietary fiber so they usually have lower cholesterol, and lower blood pressure, and risk of heart disease. However, they have an increased increases risk of  vitamins B-12 and D, calcium, omega-3 fatty acids, iron and zinc.

Tanya Zilberter

———- FOLLOW-UP ———-

QUESTION: Hi Tanya,

Thanks for the prompt response!

So I get the point that my question simplifies a complex process and that body does some self-correcting to ensure that things are all OK. However, if existing sufferers notice an improvement when they change their diet, it still seems like diet could contribute to the onset of the condition. Is it possible that (whether or not its about being vegan) being more attentive to their diet changed the quality/balance of what they ate, causing the improvement?

ANSWER: Most certainly. However, it’s not clear how this particular diet works to influence your condition. In other cases, for example, of the ketogenic diet, there is the growing body of evidence that it has neuroprotective effects (in conditions such as epilepsy, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and many others) because:

1. It supplies the nervous system with an energy substrate that is different from glucose and in most of the neurodegenerative diseases, on of the major metabolic problem is insulin insensitivity and/or other causes of inability to metabolize glucose, thus metabolic crisis.

2. In many cases of inflammation,  excessive glucose processing, glycolysis, contributes to the process via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Also, during non-stop glycolysis, the process of glycation takes place making two of intermediaries of glycolysis  became toxins, while when glycolysis goes on in a moderate pace, they can be even neuroprotective.

However, as you are a vegan,it’s all not your case. I suspect that the vegan diet finally does a very similar thing, but due to the inevitable calorie restriction, which can most probably be due to very low energy density of your daily meals — and calorie restriction is strongly neuroprotective.

You might want to read more about it at:

How can calorie restriction improve brain function?

The seven effects of ketone bodies making them powerful neuroprotectors

Toxic glycolysis and brain aging


The MMM of aging: mood, memory, movement

“Thinking, Moving, Feeling”: What Do They Have in Common?

This question opens a review of age-related declines, their inter-relationships, mechanisms, and the ways to postpone if not avoid them. The authors discuss the occurrence of depression and mood disorders during normal, premature or pathological aging, reminding that the usual suspects – serotonin and norepinephrine – indeed decline as people age as well as in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases (A, Granholm et al., Mood, Memory and Movement: An Age-Related Neurodegenerative Complex? Curr Aging Sci. 2008 July ; 1(2): 133–139.)

(more…)

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