What can be done to fight off Alzheimer’s disease?

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Question
I’ve read on WebMD that there’s no evidence that anything can be done to fight off Alzheimer’s disease. But I also read the opposite opinions. What is yours? – Donna

Answer
Dear Donna,

You probably mean the following conclusion cited by WebMD:

“There is currently no evidence considered to be of even moderate scientific quality supporting the association of any modifiable factor (nutritional supplements, herbal preparations, dietary factors, prescription or nonprescription drugs, social or economic factors, medical conditions, toxins, environmental exposures) with reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease,” concludes the report, issued by a National Institutes of Health consensus panel on Alzheimer’s prevention.”

I am surprised that they haven’t mentioned exercise, for which, in my humble opinion, a solid body of evidence exists and the caffein research, for which intricate mechanisms are being researched. Also, quite a few harmful influences such as hydrogen peroxide, glutamate, zinc, and copper/cysteine were convincingly reported. I added caffein effects on another neurodegenerative disease, the Parkinson’s but I know of similar studies in Alzheimer’s.

Walking away from dementia

Coffee, tea, and chocolate can help to avoid Parkinson’s disease

Pyruvate protects neurons against A-beta peptides characteristic for Alzheimer’s
Tanya Zilberter

Music is good for the brain

The study conducted by researchers at McGill University in Montreal and published in January 2011 issue of Nature Neuroscience showed that the music increased dopamine levels in certain areas of the brain. Various types of music were shown to be effective depending on individual preferences. (1). On the other hand, dopamine is crucial in the brain system of movement organization, deficiencies of brain cells producing dopamine, as we know, result in Parkinson’s disease, and the only reliable method of treatment is the L-DOPA medication having severe side effects and gradually losing its efficiency as the disease progresses.

Other studies revealed that music (e.g., exposure to Mozart’s music) can decrease the blood pressure in hypertensive patients and even experimental animals. Increased dopamine levels improve dopaminergic neurotransmission in epilepsy (2), dementia (3), and ADHD (4).

The beneficial effects of music are thought to work through brain structures involved in reward processing including the nucleus accumbens* and the ventral tegmental area**, hypothalamus*** and insula****

Sources

1. Music – it does a body and mind good, Baxterbulletin.com

2. Brain Res. Rev. 25 (1997), pp. 1–26

3. Exp. Aging Res., Volume 27, Issue 3 July 2001 , pp. 215 – 228

4. J. Learn. Disabil. 29 (1996), pp. 238–246

Footnotes

* also known as “center of motivation”

** a component of the reward pathway in the brain

*** a very important brain area responsible for many bodily functions as well as instincts for basic survival, fight or flight, mating, eating, and drinking, etc.

**** linked to emotions, perception, motor control, self-awareness, cognitive functioning, and interpersonal experience.

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) and vegan diet

Original Q&A :: About these Q&A :: Other Q&A

QUESTION: Hi Tanya,

I was wondering whether there are any studies that show a link between diet and CRPS. In particular, could a switch to being vegan cause an imbalance of any kind that could contribute to the onset of CRPS? Not immediately, of course, but over a period of many months.

I looked up how neurons & nerves work (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron) and saw that its basically an electrical system activated by calcium, sodium, chloride, etc. This made me wonder if imbalances in those elements could upset the nervous system but I don’t know enough about how it all works to tell.

In the case of a vegan I’m thinking the imbalance could be a deficiency in calcium. Another factor (not necessarily vegan) could be an excess of salt in the diet causing an imbalance of sodium and chlorides.

ANSWER: Hi Simon,

As far as I’m concerned, the short answer to your main question is negative. What’s more, many people suffering from CRPS claim improvement in their condition after they switch to the vegan diet.

As to the Na, Ca, Cl, etc. imbalances you are asking about, they keep being balanced back to possible normal condition due to the intricate work of multilevel homeostasis long after the CRPS symptoms are developed so CRPS is considered a localaixed rather than systemic condition – this is why it’s called “regional”.

MDs are not sure what causes CRPS but think that they are either mechanical (trauma, spasms, bone deformation, etc.) or autoimmune, or are due to the sympathetic nervous system disfunction. As you can see, nutritional deficiencies are not among recognized causes.

On the other hand, you might want to know health consequences of long-term vegan way of eating. Vegans consume less saturated fat and cholesterol and more dietary fiber so they usually have lower cholesterol, and lower blood pressure, and risk of heart disease. However, they have an increased increases risk of  vitamins B-12 and D, calcium, omega-3 fatty acids, iron and zinc.

Tanya Zilberter

———- FOLLOW-UP ———-

QUESTION: Hi Tanya,

Thanks for the prompt response!

So I get the point that my question simplifies a complex process and that body does some self-correcting to ensure that things are all OK. However, if existing sufferers notice an improvement when they change their diet, it still seems like diet could contribute to the onset of the condition. Is it possible that (whether or not its about being vegan) being more attentive to their diet changed the quality/balance of what they ate, causing the improvement?

ANSWER: Most certainly. However, it’s not clear how this particular diet works to influence your condition. In other cases, for example, of the ketogenic diet, there is the growing body of evidence that it has neuroprotective effects (in conditions such as epilepsy, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and many others) because:

1. It supplies the nervous system with an energy substrate that is different from glucose and in most of the neurodegenerative diseases, on of the major metabolic problem is insulin insensitivity and/or other causes of inability to metabolize glucose, thus metabolic crisis.

2. In many cases of inflammation,  excessive glucose processing, glycolysis, contributes to the process via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Also, during non-stop glycolysis, the process of glycation takes place making two of intermediaries of glycolysis  became toxins, while when glycolysis goes on in a moderate pace, they can be even neuroprotective.

However, as you are a vegan,it’s all not your case. I suspect that the vegan diet finally does a very similar thing, but due to the inevitable calorie restriction, which can most probably be due to very low energy density of your daily meals — and calorie restriction is strongly neuroprotective.

You might want to read more about it at:

How can calorie restriction improve brain function?

The seven effects of ketone bodies making them powerful neuroprotectors

Toxic glycolysis and brain aging


The MMM of aging: mood, memory, movement

“Thinking, Moving, Feeling”: What Do They Have in Common?

This question opens a review of age-related declines, their inter-relationships, mechanisms, and the ways to postpone if not avoid them. The authors discuss the occurrence of depression and mood disorders during normal, premature or pathological aging, reminding that the usual suspects – serotonin and norepinephrine – indeed decline as people age as well as in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases (A, Granholm et al., Mood, Memory and Movement: An Age-Related Neurodegenerative Complex? Curr Aging Sci. 2008 July ; 1(2): 133–139.)

(more…)

Both hypervitaminosis D3 and hypovitaminosis D3 cause premature aging of CNS

Both hypervitaminosis D3 and hypovitaminosis D3 cause premature aging
Vitamin D3 is not a vitamin because it is not biologically active as it is. However, without it, the body’s hormonal system cant function properly without the vitamin, which is not produced by the body so the body has to be helped with proper diet and sun light. The tree hormones are called calcipherols and they are fully dependent on Vit. D3, they  are: calcidiol, calcitriol and 24-calcitriol. The brain is capable of synthesizing the calcipherol hormones and has Vitamin D3 receptors in the cortex, cerebellum, mesopontine area, diencephalon, spinal cord, amygdala, hypothalamus and hippocampus.
Calcipherol hormones are involved in the control of anxiety, autism, seasonal affective disorder, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, and reducing risk of multiple sclerosis. Hypovitaminosis D3 may cause a premature aging of cognitive functions.
As people age, their calcipherol endocrine system becomes vulnerable. The production of calcipherols by the skin decreases partly because elderly people are less exposed to sunlight. Somewhat of a paradox,, the calcipherol hormone seems to enhance aging. The appearance of prematurely aging mice with hypovitaminosis are similar to those of hypervitaminosis D3. However, the precise role of calcipherol hormones in the brain aging remains to be studied.
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology (2009) 34S, S278—S286

Related post: Vitamin D and mental health – an easy solution for serious problems?

Vitamin D3 is not a vitamin because it is not biologically active as it is. However, the body’s hormonal system cannot function properly without it since the body has to be helped with proper diet and sun light. The tree hormones are called calcipherols and they are fully dependent on Vit. D3, they  are: calcidiol, calcitriol and 24-calcitriol. The brain is capable of synthesizing the calcipherol hormones and has Vitamin D3 receptors in the cortex, cerebellum, mesopontine area, diencephalon, spinal cord, amygdala, hypothalamus and hippocampus.

Calcipherol hormones are involved in the control of anxiety, autism, seasonal affective disorder, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, and reducing risk of multiple sclerosis. Hypovitaminosis D3 may cause a premature aging of cognitive functions.

As people age, their calcipherol endocrine system becomes vulnerable. The production of calcipherols by the skin decreases partly because elderly people are less exposed to sunlight. Somewhat of a paradox,, the calcipherol hormone seems to enhance aging. The appearance of prematurely aging mice with hypovitaminosis are similar to those of hypervitaminosis D3. However, the precise role of calcipherol hormones in the brain aging remains to be studied.

Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology (2009) 34S, S278—S286

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